Recent advances in green hydrogels from lignin: a review

Recently, biorenewable polymers from different natural resources have attracted a greater attention of the research community for different applications starting from biomedical to automotive. Lignin is the second most abundant non-food biomass next to cellulose in the category of biorenewable polymers and is abundantly available as byproduct of several industries involved in paper making, ethanol production, etc. The development of various green materials from lignin, which is most often considered as waste, is therefore of prime interest from environmental and economic points of view. Over the last few years, little studies have been made into the use of lignin as an indispensable component in the hydrogels. This article provides an overview of the research work carried out in the last few years on lignin based hydrogels. This article comprehensively reviews the potential efficacy of lignin in biopolymer based green hydrogels with particular emphasis on synthesis, characterization and applications. In this article, several examples of hydrogels synthesized using different types of lignin are discussed to illustrate the state of the art in the use of lignin.