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Enteric glial cells: recent developments and future directions.

Michel Neunlist1, Malvyne Rolli-Derkinderen1, Rocco Latorre2

  • 1INSERM Unité 913, Nantes, France; Université Nantes, Nantes, France; CHU Nantes, Hôtel Dieu, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Nantes, France.

Gastroenterology
|October 12, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Enteric glial cells (EGCs), once thought to be mere support cells, are now recognized for their crucial roles in gut homeostasis and disease. Understanding their diverse functions offers new therapeutic avenues for gastrointestinal disorders.

Keywords:
Enteric Nervous SystemEnteric NeuronIntestinal Epithelial Barrier

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gastroenterology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Enteric glial cells (EGCs) are the primary glial cells within the enteric nervous system.
  • Historically viewed as passive support cells for enteric neurons.
  • Emerging research reveals EGCs as active regulators of gut function and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of EGCs in the enteric nervous system.
  • To highlight EGCs' involvement in maintaining gut homeostasis.
  • To explore EGCs' implications in both digestive and extradigestive diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on enteric glial cells.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on EGC functions.
  • Analysis of EGCs' roles in disease pathogenesis and therapeutic potential.

Main Results:

  • EGCs regulate neuromediator expression and exhibit neuroprotective functions.
  • EGCs can act as progenitors for neurons and glia in the enteric nervous system.
  • EGCs are critical for intestinal epithelial barrier integrity.
  • EGCs can secrete inflammatory mediators, contributing to disease.

Conclusions:

  • EGCs play pivotal roles in gut homeostasis and disease.
  • Their functions extend beyond neuronal support, impacting barrier integrity and inflammation.
  • Targeting EGCs may offer novel therapeutic strategies for gastrointestinal and extradigestive conditions.