Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Online Gamers
Published on: November 9, 2019
The interaction between gambling activities and modes of access: a comparison of Internet-only, land-based only, and
Sally M Gainsbury1, Alex Russell1, Alex Blaszczynski2
1Centre for Gambling Education & Research, Southern Cross University, P.O. Box 157, Lismore NSW 2480, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Brennan MacCallum Building (A18), University of Sydney NSW 2006, Australia.
Abstract:
Research suggests that Internet-based gambling includes risk factors that may increase gambling problems. The current study aimed to investigate subgroups of gamblers to identify the potential harms associated with various forms and modes of gambling. An online survey was completed by 4,594 respondents identified as Internet-only (IG), land-based only (LBGs), or mixed-mode (MMG) gamblers based on self-reported gambling behaviour in the last 12months. Results showed significant socio-demographic differences between groups, with the LBGs being the oldest and MMGs the youngest. MMGs engaged in the greatest variety of gambling forms, had the highest average problem gambling severity scores, and were more likely to attribute problems to sports betting than the other groups. IGs were involved in the lowest number of divergent gambling activities, most likely to gamble frequently on sports and races, and attribute problems to these forms. Compared to the other groups, LBs had a higher proportion of problem gamblers than IGs and were most likely to play electronic gaming machines weekly, with this form of gambling contributing to problems at a substantially greater rate. This study confirms the importance of considering gambling involvement across subgroups of Internet or land-based gamblers. There is a need to consider the interaction between forms and modes of gambling to advance our understanding of the potential risk of mode of gambling to contribute to problems.
Related Concept Videos
Social Facilitation
What is a Mode?
There can be more than one mode in a data set if multiple values have the same highest frequency. For instance, suppose that the Statistics exam scores of 20 students are: 50; 53; 59; 59; 63; 63; 72; 72; 72; 72; 72; 76; 78; 81; 83; 84; 84; 84; 90; 93. Here, the mode is 72, as it occurs most frequently, five times.
A data set with two modes is called bimodal. For example,...
Bias
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
Factors Influencing Attraction I: Proximity
Self-Presentation: Self-Monitoring and Self-Handicapping
Archival Research

