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Economic basis for the Nordic Total Merit Index.

M Kargo1, L Hjortø2, M Toivonen3

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A joint breeding goal for dairy cattle in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden is feasible. High rank correlations between national and joint breeding goals suggest benefits for cross-border selection of elite bulls.

Keywords:
breeding goaldairy productioneconomic valuephenotypic level

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Breeding and Genetics
  • Quantitative Genetics
  • Dairy Cattle Production Systems

Background:

  • Cooperating countries often apply joint breeding goals for livestock, facilitating cross-border selection.
  • The advantage of joint breeding goals depends on shared production environments, which is investigated here.
  • Previous research has not fully assessed the feasibility of joint breeding goals across Nordic countries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the advantage of a joint breeding goal versus national breeding goals for dairy cattle in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden.
  • To compare the economic values and rank correlations of bulls selected under national and joint breeding goals.
  • To determine the feasibility of implementing a common breeding goal for major dairy breeds across these Nordic countries.

Main Methods:

  • Economic values for breeding goal traits were derived using an objective bio-economic model for each country's average dairy herd.
  • Common Nordic economic values were calculated as the average of trait-specific economic values across the three production environments.
  • Rank correlations between bulls selected for national and joint breeding goals were estimated for Nordic Red Dairy Cattle and Nordic Holstein.

Main Results:

  • Balanced breeding goals were achieved, with significant economic values for health, fertility, milk production, and longevity traits.
  • Estimated rank correlations between bulls selected for national and joint breeding goals were very high for both Nordic Red Dairy Cattle and Nordic Holstein.
  • The study found that a joint breeding goal within breed is feasible for Denmark, Finland, and Sweden.

Conclusions:

  • A joint breeding goal is a viable strategy for dairy cattle in Denmark, Finland, and Sweden, given the shared production environments and high rank correlations.
  • Implementing joint breeding goals can enhance cross-border selection of elite bulls, potentially improving genetic gain.
  • The findings support the harmonization of breeding strategies across Nordic countries for major dairy breeds.