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Hypertensive emergencies.

Gilson Soares Feitosa-Filho¹, Renato Delascio Lopes², Nilson Tavares Poppi³

¹Clínica Médica e de Cardiologia, Hospital Santa Izabel, Santa Casa de Misericórdia da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brasil.

Revista Brasileira De Terapia Intensiva

|October 14, 2014

Summary

Hypertensive crises, including hypertensive emergencies, are common in emergency care. Differentiating between hypertensive urgency and emergency based on target organ damage is crucial for appropriate treatment.

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Area of Science:

Cardiology
Emergency Medicine
Nephrology

Background:

Hypertensive crises constitute a significant portion of emergency medical care, affecting over 25% of patients.
Elevated blood pressure accounts for approximately 3% of all emergency room visits.
Hypertensive emergency, a critical condition, demands immediate attention due to potential acute target organ damage.

Purpose of the Study:

To review key diagnostic elements and specific treatments for various presentations of hypertensive emergency.
To differentiate between hypertensive urgency and hypertensive emergency.
To clarify the distinction between hypertensive crisis and uncontrolled chronic hypertension.

Main Methods:

Searched MedLine and PubMed databases for "hypertensive crises" and "hypertensive emergencies".
Included English language clinical trials, retrospective studies, and review articles.
Summarized findings in a practical and accessible manner.

Main Results:

Hypertensive crisis involves acute blood pressure elevation with associated signs and symptoms.
Hypertensive urgency is diagnosed with mild symptoms and no acute target organ damage.
Hypertensive emergency is characterized by severe symptoms and acute target organ damage (e.g., stroke, myocardial infarction).

Conclusions:

Accurate diagnosis is essential for appropriate patient management in emergency and intensive care settings.
Distinguishing hypertensive emergencies from uncontrolled hypertension is critical.
Prompt identification and treatment of hypertensive emergencies can prevent severe complications.