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Elevated major ion concentrations inhibit larval mayfly growth and development.

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Anthropogenic disturbances from energy development can harm aquatic life. High salt levels from these activities significantly reduce mayfly growth and survivorship, impacting sensitive insect species.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Ecotoxicology
  • Aquatic Ecology

Background:

  • Anthropogenic disturbances, particularly from energy resource development, can significantly alter stream chemistry by increasing total dissolved solids.
  • Mayflies (Order Ephemeroptera) are known to be sensitive to elevated total dissolved solids in aquatic environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally determine the effects of brine salt concentrations on the growth and survivorship of larval Neocloeon triangulifer.
  • To provide evidence for the adverse impacts of elevated ion concentrations from energy development on sensitive aquatic insects.

Main Methods:

  • Larval Neocloeon triangulifer were exposed to a gradient of brine salt (NaCl and CaCl2) concentrations for 20 days.
  • Measurements included daily growth rates, developmental stages (instars), and survivorship.
  • Specific conductance was used as a measure of salt concentration.

Main Results:

  • Daily growth rates were significantly reduced at all tested salt concentrations above the control (363 µS cm⁻¹).
  • Larvae in treatments with specific conductance >812 µS cm⁻¹ exhibited earlier developmental stages (instars).
  • Survivorship declined significantly at specific conductance >1513 µS cm⁻¹, with a 20-day 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of 2866 µS cm⁻¹.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated ion concentrations, similar to those found in energy resource development areas, adversely affect sensitive aquatic insect species like Neocloeon triangulifer.
  • The study provides strong experimental evidence linking increased salinity from human activities to negative impacts on aquatic insect populations.
  • Findings highlight the ecological risks associated with total dissolved solids pollution from oil and gas drilling and coal mining.