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Viral Recombination

Viral Recombination

Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.

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Pathogenicity study in sheep using reverse-genetics-based reassortant bluetongue viruses.

Cristina C Celma¹, Bishnupriya Bhattacharya¹, Michael Eschbaumer²

¹Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom.

Veterinary Microbiology

|October 14, 2014

Summary

Researchers investigated the genetic basis of bluetongue virus (BTV) pathogenicity. They created reassortant viruses to understand how BTV-8 genes influence disease severity in sheep, revealing a complex genetic contribution to bluetongue disease.

Keywords:

Bluetongue virus Non-structural protein NS3 Pathogenicity in sheep Reassortment Serotype 8

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Virology
Molecular Pathogenesis
Ruminant Infectious Diseases

Background:

Bluetongue disease (BT), caused by bluetongue virus (BTV), is a significant economic threat to livestock globally.
BTV serotype 8 (BTV-8) has emerged as highly virulent in Europe, causing substantial losses in sheep and cattle.
The genetic underpinnings of BTV-8 pathogenicity remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the genetic basis of BTV-8 pathogenicity by creating reassortant viruses.
To investigate the role of specific BTV-8 genes (S2, S6, S10) in viral replication and pathogenesis.
To compare the biological characteristics of reassortant viruses with parental BTV-1 and BTV-8 strains.

Main Methods:

Generation of reassortant BTV strains by segment reassortment between BTV-8 and an attenuated BTV-1 strain.
Analysis of viral growth kinetics in ovine kidney and thymus cell lines.
Infection of BTV-susceptible sheep to assess pathogenicity and clinical manifestations.

Main Results:

Reassortant viruses exhibited distinct growth patterns in different ovine cell lines, indicating organ-specific replication.
Clinical manifestations in sheep varied depending on the reassortant virus composition.
BTV-1 incorporating BTV-8 gene segments showed altered pathogenicity compared to the parental BTV-1 strain.

Conclusions:

The study highlights the complexity of the molecular basis of bluetongue disease.
Specific viral genes significantly influence BTV pathogenicity and host-pathogen interactions.
Further research is needed to fully understand the genetic determinants of BTV virulence.