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An ELISA Based Binding and Competition Method to Rapidly Determine Ligand-receptor Interactions

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Published on: March 14, 2016

NOD-like receptor cooperativity in effector-triggered immunity.

Thomas Griebel¹, Takaki Maekawa¹, Jane E Parker¹

¹Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.

Trends in Immunology

|October 14, 2014

Summary

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) are key to innate immunity. NLR pairs in plants and animals cooperate to detect pathogens and trigger defense responses, enhancing host resistance.

Keywords:

NLR pairs innate immunity plant defense transcriptional reprogramming

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Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes

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Area of Science:

Plant and animal immunology
Innate immunity mechanisms
Molecular biology of pattern recognition receptors

Background:

Intracellular nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) are crucial components of innate immunity in both plants and animals.
Animal NLRs recognize conserved microbial or damage-associated molecular patterns, while plant NLRs detect pathogen virulence factors (effectors).

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent genetic and molecular evidence for functional NLR pairs.
To discuss the role of NLR self-association and heteromeric assemblies in initiating immune signaling.
To highlight the cooperative function of NLR pairs in pathogen sensing and defense activation.

Main Methods:

Review of genetic and molecular evidence.
Analysis of NLR self-association and heteromeric assemblies.
Discussion of downstream signaling pathways.

Main Results:

Functional NLR pairs are significant in plant and animal immunity.
NLR self-association and heteromeric assemblies are critical for triggering downstream signaling.
Cooperating NLR pairs effectively combine pathogen sensing with defense initiation.

Conclusions:

NLR pairs demonstrate versatility and impact in innate immunity across kingdoms.
Different NLR receptor configurations allow fine-tuning of resistance pathways.
Cooperating NLRs enhance the host's pathogen recognition spectrum against evolving microbes.