Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion...

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...

Viruses with RNA Genomes

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Comparison of Annual Dynamic Abbreviated MRI and Biannual Ultrasound for HCC Surveillance in a High-Risk Group: Two-Center Cohort Study.

Liver cancer·2026

Same author

Machine learning based hepatic safety score predicts decompensation in hepatocellular carcinoma systemic therapy.

NPJ digital medicine·2026

Same author

Low Tumor Burden Predicts Benefit from Transarterial Treatment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Extrahepatic Metastasis: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Liver cancer·2026

Same author

Liver Stiffness Measured by Vibration-Controlled Transient Elastography Predicts Hepatic Decompensation in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Receiving Systemic Treatments.

Liver cancer·2026

Same author

Shelterin Component TPP1 Drives Tumor Progression and Predicts Poor Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Biomedicines·2026

Same author

Incidence and risk stratification of hepatitis B reactivation in patients receiving anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody therapy.

Journal of hepatology·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection

Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection

Published on: November 7, 2018

Update on hepatitis B virus infection.

Chan Ran You¹, Sung Won Lee¹, Jeong Won Jang¹

¹Chan Ran You, Sung Won Lee, Jeong Won Jang, Seung Kew Yoon, Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 137-701, South Korea.

World Journal of Gastroenterology

|October 14, 2014

Summary

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection poses risks for liver cancer and failure. Current treatments aim for viral suppression, but drug resistance and limited testing pose challenges for effective hepatitis B virus (HBV) management.

Keywords:

Antiviral therapy Chronic hepatitis B Hepatitis B virus Nucleos(t)ide analogue Pegylated interferon

More Related Videos

A Competent Hepatocyte Model Examining Hepatitis B Virus Entry through Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide as a Therapeutic Target

A Competent Hepatocyte Model Examining Hepatitis B Virus Entry through Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide as a Therapeutic Target

Published on: May 10, 2022

Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells

Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells

Published on: June 5, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection

Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection

Published on: November 7, 2018

A Competent Hepatocyte Model Examining Hepatitis B Virus Entry through Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide as a Therapeutic Target

A Competent Hepatocyte Model Examining Hepatitis B Virus Entry through Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide as a Therapeutic Target

Published on: May 10, 2022

Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells

Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells

Published on: June 5, 2020

Area of Science:

Hepatology
Virology
Immunology

Background:

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic liver failure.
The precise immunopathogenesis of HBV remains incompletely understood, influencing viral persistence and patient outcomes.
Host genetic factors significantly impact immune responses to HBV infection.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advances in understanding HBV immunopathogenesis.
To summarize current and emerging treatment strategies for chronic hepatitis B (CHB).
To highlight challenges in HBV treatment, including drug resistance and diagnostic limitations.

Main Methods:

Literature review of immunopathogenesis and treatment strategies for HBV.
Analysis of current therapeutic agents: immunomodulators and nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs).
Discussion of challenges in managing drug-resistant HBV and limitations of genotypic resistance testing.

Main Results:

NAs are effective but carry a risk of drug resistance with long-term use.
Limited anti-HBV drug classes and potential cross-resistance complicate treatment for resistant cases.
Hepatitis B surface antigen quantification shows promise as a surrogate marker for pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) response.

Conclusions:

Complete HBV eradication remains difficult despite advances in antiviral therapies.
Developing novel virologic tests is crucial for accurate resistance detection.
Choosing potent antiviral drugs with low resistance risk is essential for achieving sustained virologic response in CHB patients.