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Simulating photon scattering effects in structurally detailed ventricular models using a Monte Carlo approach.

Martin J Bishop1, Gernot Plank2

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|October 14, 2014
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This study introduces a novel Monte Carlo simulation for cardiac optical mapping, accurately modeling light scattering in detailed heart models. It reveals how scattering near vessels and cavities affects action potential signals and shock responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Computational Biology
  • Cardiovascular Imaging

Background:

  • Light scattering distorts optical imaging of cardiac electrical activity.
  • Photon diffusion models struggle with non-scattering regions like myocardial cavities.
  • Accurate modeling is crucial for understanding optical mapping signal artifacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply Monte Carlo (MC) photon scattering simulation to cardiac optical mapping.
  • To utilize MC within finite element computational ventricular models with complex anatomy.
  • To investigate the impact of scattering on optical action potential (AP) upstroke and shock responses.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a novel application of MC simulation for cardiac optical mapping.
  • Integrated MC into unstructured, tetrahedral finite element computational ventricular models.
  • Simulated optical signals in anatomically-detailed MR-based models, including intramural cavities.

Main Results:

  • Observed prolonged optical AP upstroke near subepicardial vessels, sometimes with a "humped" morphology.
  • Discovered a novel mechanism where scattering around cavities interacts with virtual-electrode regions during shocks.
  • Demonstrated significant reduction in apparent epicardial polarization due to scattering and cavity interactions.

Conclusions:

  • The MC simulation approach accurately models optical mapping signals in complex cardiac geometries.
  • Fine-scale anatomical heterogeneity and photon scattering significantly influence measured optical signals.
  • This method is vital for investigating electrophysiological phenomena influenced by structural details.