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Molecular pathogenesis and targeted therapies in well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma

Jung Guk Kim1

  • 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.

Endocrinology and Metabolism (Seoul, Korea)
|October 14, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Identifying key oncogenes like rearranged during transfection (RET) and BRAF can improve well-differentiated thyroid cancer diagnosis and treatment. Targeted therapies show promise for metastatic disease, potentially changing future patient management.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC) diagnosis and prognosis can be improved by understanding key genetic alterations.
  • Limited therapeutic options exist for metastatic WDTC, highlighting the need for novel treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the diagnostic and prognostic significance of four common proto-oncogenes in WDTC.
  • To review the efficacy of targeted therapies for metastatic WDTC.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of proto-oncogenes: rearranged during transfection (RET), BRAF, RAS, and PAX8/peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ.
  • Review of clinical trial data for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)- and RET-directed therapies.

Main Results:

  • The identified proto-oncogenes hold potential for enhancing WDTC diagnosis and management.
  • VEGF- and RET-targeted therapies (e.g., sorafenib, motesanib, sunitinib) demonstrate clinical efficacy in stabilizing metastatic WDTC.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted therapies offer promising treatment avenues for metastatic well-differentiated thyroid cancer.
  • Ongoing clinical trials may significantly alter the therapeutic landscape for thyroid cancer.
Keywords:
Targeted therapiesThyroid neoplasms

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