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[Mechanical ventilation in Brazil: epidemiological aspects].

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Mechanical ventilation in Brazil is predominantly used for critically ill patients with acute respiratory failure, with volume-controlled and pressure support ventilation being common modes. Pressure support ventilation is frequently used during the weaning process.

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Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Epidemiology
  • Respiratory Therapy

Context:

  • Mechanical ventilation is a life-support procedure with limited epidemiological data in Brazil.
  • Understanding its current application is crucial for improving patient care and resource allocation.

Purpose:

  • To describe the characteristics, causes, ventilatory modes, settings, and weaning status of mechanically ventilated patients in Brazil.
  • To provide epidemiological insights into mechanical ventilation practices within Brazilian ICUs.

Summary:

  • A point prevalence study in 40 ICUs revealed 217 mechanically ventilated patients, predominantly elderly (median age 66) and severely ill (median APACHE II 20).
  • Acute respiratory failure was the primary indication (71%), followed by coma (21.2%). Volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) and pressure support ventilation (PSV) were most common, with PSV favored for weaning (63.5%).
  • Higher tidal volumes were observed with VCV, while PCV utilized higher inspiratory pressures and PEEP.

Impact:

  • Highlights the clinical severity and prolonged hospital stay associated with mechanical ventilation in Brazil.
  • Identifies key ventilatory strategies and their application in different phases of respiratory support.
  • Provides essential data for future research and clinical guidelines on mechanical ventilation in the region.