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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 22, 2026

mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation
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Microprocessor activity controls differential miRNA biogenesis In Vivo.

Thomas Conrad1, Annalisa Marsico2, Maja Gehre3

  • 1Otto Warburg Laboratories, Noncoding RNA Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195 Berlin, Germany.

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|October 15, 2014
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Summary

Microprocessor processing of pri-miRNA is a key step in miRNA biogenesis, controlling miRNA output. This processing efficiency, not transcription, predicts miRNA abundance and is influenced by sequence features.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • MicroRNA (miRNA) biogenesis involves converting pri-miRNA transcripts into pre-miRNA hairpins.
  • The in vivo dynamics and regulation of this crucial processing step remain largely uncharacterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vivo transcriptome-wide processing of pri-miRNA.
  • To identify regulatory mechanisms governing miRNA biogenesis and output diversification.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized next-generation sequencing of chromatin-associated pri-miRNAs.
  • Developed a Microprocessor signature to quantify endogenous pri-miRNA processing efficiency.

Main Results:

  • Identified differential susceptibility to Microprocessor cleavage as a critical regulatory step.
  • Found processing efficiency to be a stronger predictor of miRNA abundance than primary transcription.
  • Observed processing stability across cell lines, indicating sequence-dependent regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Microprocessor acts as a central hub for diversifying miRNA output.
  • Pri-miRNA processing efficiency can decouple miRNA biogenesis from host gene expression.