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Self-perpetuating development of encoding biases.

P Lewicki¹, T Hill, I Sasaki

¹Department of Psychology, University of Tulsa, Oklahoma 74104.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. General

|December 1, 1989

Summary

New information is interpreted through existing beliefs, even if imperfectly. This process nonconsciously reinforces these beliefs, creating self-perpetuating cognitive biases without objective evidence.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Social Psychology
Neuroscience

Background:

Information encoding involves applying existing interpretive categories to new stimuli.
Preexisting beliefs can influence how individuals perceive and process new information, potentially leading to biased interpretations.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the hypothesis that encoding stimuli as supportive of preexisting dispositions can generate subjective experiences that reinforce these dispositions.
To explore the nonconscious mechanisms underlying the development of self-perpetuating encoding biases.

Main Methods:

Three studies were conducted using diverse stimulus materials.
Experimental tasks included a matrix-scanning paradigm and two intuitive judgment tasks.
Participants' encoding processes were analyzed to identify self-perpetuating patterns.

Main Results:

Results demonstrated a self-perpetuating process in encoding information.
Participants' subjective experiences consistently supported their preexisting encoding dispositions.
This effect was observed across different tasks and stimuli, indicating a robust mechanism.

Conclusions:

The nonconscious imposition of preexisting categories on new stimuli can create self-perpetuating encoding biases.
This mechanism contributes to the development and maintenance of interpretive categories and cognitive dispositions.
Understanding this process is crucial for explaining individual differences in perception and judgment.

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