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Action Schools! BC implementation: from efficacy to effectiveness to scale-up.

Heather A McKay1, Heather M Macdonald2, Lindsay Nettlefold3

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British Journal of Sports Medicine
|October 15, 2014
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Summary

Action Schools! BC (AS! BC) is a whole school model that improved children's physical activity (PA) and healthy eating (HE). Partnerships and supportive policies were key to its successful scale-up and sustained implementation.

Keywords:
ChildrenHealth promotionImplementationInterventionSchool

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Promotion
  • School Health Programs

Background:

  • The Action Schools! BC (AS! BC) initiative aimed to promote physical activity and healthy eating in elementary schools.
  • The model is grounded in socioecological theory and emphasizes partnership for social change.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the Action Schools! BC (AS! BC) model, detailing its journey from efficacy trials to provincial scale-up.
  • To evaluate the integration of physical activity and healthy eating within the school environment.

Main Methods:

  • The study involved education and health system stakeholders, and children in grades 4-6.
  • The AS! BC model provided teachers with training and resources for integrating physical activity (PA) and healthy eating (HE).
  • Evaluation was conducted through efficacy, effectiveness, and implementation trials in partnership with community and government stakeholders.

Main Results:

  • Significant increases in PA, cardiovascular fitness, bone health, and HE were observed during efficacy trials, leading to provincial government support for scale-up.
  • Over 81,000 teachers were trained, reaching approximately 500,000 students through 4677 workshops.
  • Post-scale-up, trained teachers continued to offer more PA and HE opportunities, despite a less pronounced magnitude of change in PA delivery.

Conclusions:

  • Whole school models like AS! BC can improve children's PA and health through stakeholder partnerships.
  • Teacher training, resources, and supportive school policies are crucial for successful scale-up and sustained implementation.
  • Multisectoral partnerships and knowledge exchange mechanisms at the provincial level are vital for influencing action and successful implementation.