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Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...

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Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Isolation, Transfection, and Culture of Primary Human Monocytes

Isolation, Transfection, and Culture of Primary Human Monocytes

Published on: December 16, 2019

Immunosuppression and monocyte subsets.

Kyrill S Rogacev¹, Adam M Zawada², Johanna Hundsdorfer²

¹Department of Internal Medicine IV, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany Department of Internal Medicine III, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.

Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation : Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association

|October 15, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic low-dose steroids increase monocyte counts, specifically CD14(++)CD16(-) and CD14(++)CD16(+) subsets, impacting innate immunity and transplantation outcomes. Other immunosuppressants showed no significant effect on monocyte subset distribution.

Keywords:

CD14 CD16 immunosuppression monocyte transplantation

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Isolation, Transfection, and Culture of Primary Human Monocytes

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Functional Characterization of Regulatory Macrophages That Inhibit Graft-reactive Immunity

Functional Characterization of Regulatory Macrophages That Inhibit Graft-reactive Immunity

Published on: June 7, 2017

Area of Science:

Immunology
Transplantation Science
Cell Biology

Background:

Monocytes are crucial for innate immunity and transplantation.
Three distinct monocyte subsets (CD14(++)CD16(-), CD14(++)CD16(+), and CD14(+)CD16(++) ) exist.
Elevated CD14(++)CD16(+) and CD14(+)CD16(++) monocyte counts are observed in pre-transplant chronic kidney disease.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of immunosuppressants on monocyte subset heterogeneity.
To characterize monocyte subset distribution in kidney transplant recipients.
To analyze monocyte subset development post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and in vitro.

Main Methods:

Studied 152 kidney transplant (KTx) recipients for steady-state monocyte subset distribution.
Analyzed monocyte subset development in 10 autologous and 9 allogeneic HSCT patients.
Utilized an in vitro model to assess immunosuppressant effects on monocyte biology.

Main Results:

Steroid intake correlated with increased total, CD14(++)CD16(-), and CD14(++)CD16(+) monocytes, but decreased CD14(+)CD16(++) monocytes in KTx recipients.
Mycophenolate, calcineurin inhibitors (CNI), and mTOR inhibitors did not significantly alter monocyte counts.
Post-HSCT, CD14(++)CD16(-) monocytes emerged first, followed by CD14(++)CD16(+) and then CD14(+)CD16(++) monocytes; immunosuppressants modified surface receptor expression but not subset development.

Conclusions:

Chronic low-dose steroid use is linked to monocytosis and elevated counts of CD14(++)CD16(-) and pro-inflammatory CD14(++)CD16(+) monocytes.
Immunosuppressants like CNI, mycophenolate, and methotrexate did not influence monocyte subset development post-HSCT.
Steroid intake emerged as a significant determinant of monocyte (subset) counts in kidney transplant recipients.