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Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Swab Sampling Method for the Detection of Human Norovirus on Surfaces
Published on: February 6, 2017
First report of a norovirus outbreak associated with the variant Sydney 2012 in Portugal
João Rodrigo Mesquita1, Inês Costa, Mónica Oleastro
1Escola Superior Agrária, Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Viseu, Portugal. jmesquita@esav.ipv.pt.
Introduction:
This study describes the investigation of a gastroenteritis outbreak in a group of students, associated with a dinner reunion in February 2013 in Porto, Portugal.
Methodology:
An anonymous structured questionnaire was developed and sent to 34 students who attended the dinner reunion. Eighteen students completed the questionnaire and thirteen met the case definition (attack rate of 72%). Stools from two students were screened for norovirus by RT-PCR using primer pairs that target the highly conserved polymerase gene and the capsid gene.
Results:
Norovirus genotyping confirmed the variant Sydney 2012 as the probable cause of the outbreak.
Conclusion:
This is the first report of an outbreak associated with the new variant Sydney 2012 in Portugal.
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