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Related Concept Videos

Angle of Twist: Problem Solving01:13

Angle of Twist: Problem Solving

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An electric motor applies a torque of 700 N·m to an aluminum shaft, triggering a stable rotation. Two pulleys, B and C, are subjected to torques of 300 N·m and 400 N·m, respectively. The modulus of rigidity is provided as 25 GPa. With the knowledge of the length and diameter of each segment, the twist angle between the two pulleys can be computed. First, a section cut is made between pulleys B and C, and the cut cross-section is analyzed using a free-body diagram. Given that the...
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When a mechanic tries to remove a hex nut with a wrench, it is easier if the force is applied at the farthest end of the wrench handle. The lever arm is the distance from the pivot point (the hex nut in this case) to the person’s hand. If this distance is large, the torque is higher. Only the component of the force perpendicular to the lever arm contributes to the torque. Therefore, pushing the wrench perpendicular to the lever arm is more advantageous. If multiple people apply force to...
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In mechanical engineering, the interaction between a threaded screw shaft and a plate gear involves analyzing the resisting torque on the plate gear that can be overpowered when a specific torsional moment is applied to the shaft. To better comprehend this concept, consider a generic situation with a threaded screw shaft with a given mean radius and lead and a plate gear with a specified mean radius. The coefficient of static friction between the screw and gear is also provided.
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A toggle clamp is a mechanical device commonly used for holding and clamping objects in various applications, such as woodworking, metalworking, and assembly operations. Consider a toggle clamp subjected to a force of 200 N at the handle. The vertical clamping force can be calculated, provided the dimensions of the toggle clamp are known.
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Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque
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Knudsen torque: a rotational mechanism driven by thermal force.

Qi Li1, Tengfei Liang1, Wenjing Ye1

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
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Thermally induced mechanical loading can create torque on micro-objects in uneven temperature fields. Asymmetric system designs enable control over rotational motion, leading to novel micromotor applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics, Applied Physics
  • Mechanical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Non-uniform temperature fields induce mechanical forces on micro/nano-objects.
  • Existing research primarily focuses on translational forces, neglecting rotational effects.
  • Understanding torque generation is crucial for micro-scale manipulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the induction and manipulation of torque on micro-objects in non-uniform temperature fields.
  • To explore the relationship between system configuration and torque characteristics.
  • To design practical rotational micromotors based on thermally induced torque.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of thermomechanical effects on micro-objects.
  • Computational modeling of fluid dynamics and heat transfer.
  • System configuration analysis to determine torque generation and direction.
  • Design and simulation of micromotor prototypes (pendulum and unidirectional).

Main Results:

  • Torque generation is confirmed for asymmetric system configurations.
  • Torque magnitude and direction are highly dependent on geometric design.
  • Achieved torque of approximately 2nN×μm for a 100μm microbeam at Kn=0.5.
  • Successful design of pendulum and unidirectional micromotor concepts.

Conclusions:

  • Thermally induced torque offers a viable mechanism for controlling micro-object rotation.
  • Geometric manipulation provides a pathway for designing efficient rotational micromotors.
  • The findings have implications for micro-robotics, micro-assembly, and lab-on-a-chip devices.