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Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Review and Preview01:13

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Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
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In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
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Muscles of the Eye01:20

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The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
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Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

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Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
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Visual System01:26

Visual System

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Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
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Accessing embodied object representations from vision: A review.

Heath Matheson1, Nicole White2, Patricia McMullen1

  • 1Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University.

Psychological Bulletin
|October 15, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Embodied cognition (EC) theories suggest object concepts involve sensorimotor experiences. However, current visual cognitive research shows a link, but not strong evidence, that sensorimotor simulations are essential for visual tasks.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Cognition

Background:

  • Embodied cognition (EC) theories propose object concepts stem from sensorimotor experiences.
  • Linguistic research supports sensorimotor simulations in cognitive tasks like comprehension.
  • The embodiment of object concepts accessed visually remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review visual cognitive research on embodied cognition (EC) theories.
  • To examine five key predictions of EC in visual object concept research.
  • To assess the necessity of sensorimotor simulations for visual cognitive tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Review of neuroimaging, neuropsychology, neurophysiology, developmental, and behavioral studies.
  • Analysis of research addressing EC predictions related to object manipulability and sensorimotor activation.
  • Examination of evidence for sensorimotor activity's necessity in visual tasks.

Main Results:

  • Research indicates a relationship between visual and motoric representations.
  • No conclusive evidence supports a strong form of embodied cognition (EC) in visual tasks.
  • Sensorimotor simulations may not be required for visual cognitive task performance.

Conclusions:

  • Current visual cognitive research does not strongly support embodied cognition (EC) theories.
  • Sensorimotor simulations might not be essential for processing visual object information.
  • Future research directions are needed to provide stronger evidence for EC in visual paradigms.