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Surgical Approach to Full Soft Tissue Face Allograft Procurement for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
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Ancillary procedures in facial animation surgery.

Bernardo Bianchi1, Andrea Ferri1, Silvano Ferrari2

  • 1Chief Assistant, Maxillo-Facial Surgery Division, Head and Neck Department, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.

Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery : Official Journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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PubMed
Summary

Ancillary procedures enhance facial animation surgery outcomes for facial palsy. These additional techniques improve both cosmetic appearance and functional recovery in patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Reconstructive Surgery
  • Facial Nerve Surgery

Background:

  • Facial animation surgery using neuromuscular transplants is standard for facial palsy.
  • Secondary facial areas like the forehead, periocular region, nasal base, and lower lip require attention for complete rehabilitation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of ancillary procedures in improving functional and aesthetic outcomes of facial animation surgery.
  • To assess the impact of specific ancillary procedures on facial palsy rehabilitation.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective review of 136 ancillary procedures in 49 patients (2003-2013).
  • Procedures included eyebrow suspension, upper eyelid loading (platinum chain), inferior palpebral suspension (fascia lata), nasal base suspension (fascia lata), and botulinum toxin injections.
  • Data collected on cosmetic and functional results.

Main Results:

  • Excellent or good cosmetic results were achieved in 93.9% of procedures.
  • Periocular complex rehabilitation yielded excellent functional improvement in 87.2% of patients.
  • Nasal base suspension resulted in excellent functional improvement in 73.1% of patients.

Conclusions:

  • Ancillary procedures significantly enhance both functional and aesthetic results in facial animation surgery.
  • Targeted ancillary procedures offer substantial improvements for patients with flaccid facial palsy.