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The Cochlea

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.

Anatomy of the Ear

Anatomy of the Ear

Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Performing Intracochlear Electrocochleography During Cochlear Implantation

Performing Intracochlear Electrocochleography During Cochlear Implantation

Published on: March 8, 2022

Inner ear energy exposure while drilling a cochleostomy.

Nneka Eze¹, Dan Jiang, Alec Fitzgerald O'Connor

¹Hearing Implant Centre, St Thomas' Hospital , London , UK.

Acta Oto-Laryngologica

|October 16, 2014

Summary

Drilling cochleostomy causes significant inner ear trauma when the burr contacts the membranous labyrinth. Minimizing burr contact with the delicate structures can reduce cochlear damage during this surgical procedure.

Keywords:

Round window acoustic trauma laser Doppler vibrometer

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Last Updated: Apr 22, 2026

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Published on: August 4, 2023

Area of Science:

Otolaryngology
Neurosurgery
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Cochleostomy is a critical step in cochlear implantation.
The procedure carries a risk of acoustic and mechanical trauma to the inner ear.
Understanding energy transmission during drilling is vital for minimizing cochlear damage.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify the energy transmitted to the inner ear during cochleostomy drilling.
To identify stages of cochleostomy formation that pose the highest risk of trauma.

Main Methods:

Utilized eight human cadaveric temporal bones.
Measured stapes velocity via laser Doppler vibrometer to assess cochlear energy input.
Recorded measurements during various drilling stages with a 1 mm diamond burr.

Main Results:

Drilling the promontory resulted in minimal energy transmission.
Significant energy transfer occurred when the burr contacted the membranous labyrinth and entered the scala tympani.
Energy transfer magnitude was comparable to touching the incus.

Conclusions:

Prolonged contact of the running burr with the membranous labyrinth should be avoided.
Drilling the promontory until a thin bone layer remains, followed by microinstrument removal, is recommended.
This technique allows for atraumatic opening of the membranous labyrinth using a sharp instrument.