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Related Concept Videos

The Pituitary Gland01:17

The Pituitary Gland

12.8K
The pituitary is a small endocrine organ in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus. Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct anatomical and functional regions— the anterior and posterior lobes. During human fetal development, a third pituitary gland region called the pars intermedia atrophies and disappears. However, some of its cells migrate and exist adjacent to the anterior pituitary in adults.
12.8K
Hormones of the Pituitary Gland01:27

Hormones of the Pituitary Gland

14.1K
The small, pea-sized pituitary gland is located at the base of the brain. It is crucial in regulating various bodily functions, from growth to reproduction. The gland is divided into the anterior lobe and the posterior lobe. The secretory cell clusters in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary lobe are controlled by hypothalamic regulators and synthesize six primary hormones.
The most abundantly secreted hormone from the anterior lobe is the growth hormone, which controls overall growth by...
14.1K
Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

3.5K
Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
3.5K
The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

5.2K
The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
5.2K
Structures of the Endocrine System00:59

Structures of the Endocrine System

13.8K
The intricate framework of the endocrine system encompasses a diverse array of glands, with their target tissues and organs strategically distributed throughout the body. Central to this network are the endocrine glands, specialized structures that lack ducts and release hormones directly into the interstitial fluid. Notably, the hypothalamus, a vital neuroendocrine organ situated in the brain, governs neural functions and serves as a potent source of hormonal regulation. Near the hypothalamus...
13.8K
The Pineal Gland01:02

The Pineal Gland

7.7K
The pineal gland, a diminutive endocrine structure named for its pinecone-shaped appearance, is situated atop the third ventricle within the diencephalon region of the forebrain. This gland, composed of secretory cells known as pinealocytes arranged in compact cords and clusters around dense particles of calcium salts, plays a pivotal role in hormonal regulation.
The primary secretion of the pineal gland is the hormone melatonin, derived from serotonin. The concentration of melatonin in the...
7.7K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
07:43

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

Published on: January 17, 2018

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[Pituitary gland tumors].

J Jesser1, K Schlamp, M Bendszus

  • 1Abteilung für Neuroradiologie, Radiologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland, jesser.jessica@googlemail.com.

Der Radiologe
|October 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Pituitary tumors are common intracranial neoplasms. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast is crucial for diagnosing these sellar region tumors, especially small microadenomas.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroradiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology

Context:

  • Pituitary adenomas are the most common tumors in the sellar region, accounting for 10-15% of intracranial tumors.
  • These tumors can cause hormonal imbalances or visual disturbances due to their location and potential to impinge on surrounding structures like the optic chiasm.

Purpose:

  • To provide an overview of common pituitary tumors and their differential diagnoses.
  • To emphasize the radiological diagnostic criteria for sellar region tumors.

Summary:

  • Pituitary adenomas, classified as microadenomas (<1 cm) or macroadenomas (>1 cm), often secrete hormones like prolactin or growth hormone.
  • Differential diagnoses for sellar tumors include craniopharyngeomas, metastases, meningiomas, and others, which can present with endocrinological symptoms or visual impairment.

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Author Spotlight: A Single-Entry Point Endoscopic Intraventricular Approach for Third Ventriculostomy and Pineal Biopsy
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Author Spotlight: A Single-Entry Point Endoscopic Intraventricular Approach for Third Ventriculostomy and Pineal Biopsy
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  • Advanced imaging protocols, particularly MRI with contrast and dynamic sequences, are essential for accurate diagnosis due to the complex anatomy and small size of some pituitary tumors.

    • Impact:

    • Highlights the importance of advanced imaging techniques like MRI for precise diagnosis of pituitary and sellar region tumors.
    • Aids clinicians in differentiating various sellar masses, improving patient management and treatment strategies.
    • Contributes to the understanding of pituitary tumor characteristics and their radiological manifestations.