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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats
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Genes and post-term birth: late for delivery.

William Schierding, Justin M O'Sullivan, José G B Derraik

  • 1Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. w.cutfield@auckland.ac.nz.

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Summary

Post-term birth, beyond 42 weeks gestation, is linked to adverse offspring health. Research suggests genetic and environmental factors influence prolonged pregnancies, impacting infant outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Genetics
  • Perinatology

Background:

  • Prolonged pregnancies (post-term births) beyond 42 weeks gestation are increasingly linked to adverse long-term health outcomes in offspring.
  • Understanding the factors contributing to post-term birth is crucial for improving neonatal health and obstetric care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential genetic and epigenetic influences on gestational length.
  • To explore the interplay between environmental factors and heritability in post-term births.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence on post-term birth causes.
  • Analysis of genetic and epigenetic studies related to gestational duration.

Main Results:

  • Evidence indicates that post-term birth is influenced by both environmental factors and significant heritability.
  • Genetic and/or epigenetic factors likely interact with environmental cues to determine gestational length.

Conclusions:

  • Post-term birth has complex origins, involving both environmental and genetic/epigenetic components.
  • Further research into the genetic and epigenetic underpinnings of prolonged gestation is warranted to enhance obstetric management and improve infant outcomes.