Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

4.1K
Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...
4.1K
Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

5.6K
Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
5.6K
Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates00:52

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates

5.7K
After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
5.7K
Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

5.0K
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
5.0K
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

5.7K
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
5.7K
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

3.1K
Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
3.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

[Efficacy and safety of olorigliflozin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with poor glycemic control on diet and exercise interventions].

Zhonghua yi xue za zhi·2026
Same author

[Efficacy and safety of combining olorigliflozin with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy].

Zhonghua yi xue za zhi·2026
Same author

Sleep disturbances in patients with myasthenia gravis: A cross-sectional study.

Neurologia·2026
Same author

[Analysis of pathogen surveillance for hand, foot and mouth disease in Guangzhou City from 2015 to 2023].

Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine]·2025
Same author

[Epidemiological characteristics and control measures of dengue fever in Zhongshan City in 2024].

Zhongguo xue xi chong bing fang zhi za zhi = Chinese journal of schistosomiasis control·2025
Same author

[Molecular epidemiological investigation and genetic characteristics of the early stage of Chikungunya fever outbreak in Guangzhou City in 2025].

Zhonghua yu fang yi xue za zhi [Chinese journal of preventive medicine]·2025
Same journal

Lasing characteristics and stress-tuning effects in GaN beam microcavities.

Nanoscale·2026
Same journal

Unraveling the synergy of core doping and the motif shell in atomically precise PtAg nanoclusters for CF<sub>3</sub>-ketone alkynylation.

Nanoscale·2026
Same journal

A dual-functional heavy-metal-free quantum dot/TiO<sub>2</sub> hybrid system for simultaneous pollutant degradation and green hydrogen production.

Nanoscale·2026
Same journal

Rational design of spherical NiCoB@rGO nanocomposites for efficient electrochemical energy storage.

Nanoscale·2026
Same journal

Ligand-controlled engineering of Cu-H active sites on Cu<sub>25</sub> hydride nanoclusters for efficient CO<sub>2</sub> electroreduction.

Nanoscale·2026
Same journal

Isostructural Co/Ni-containing banana-shaped polyoxometalates for visible-light-driven hydrogen production.

Nanoscale·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 22, 2026

The Effect of Interfacial Chemical Bonding in TiO2-SiO2 Composites on Their Photocatalytic NOx Abatement Performance
11:47

The Effect of Interfacial Chemical Bonding in TiO2-SiO2 Composites on Their Photocatalytic NOx Abatement Performance

Published on: July 4, 2017

14.8K

Rationale for the crystallization of titania polymorphs in solution.

N Kränzlin1, M Staniuk, F J Heiligtag

  • 1Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland. dorota.koziej@mat.ethz.ch.

Nanoscale
|October 16, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We found that titania polymorph crystallization, including anatase and rutile, involves independent nucleation and growth processes in solution, challenging previous assumptions about nanoparticle size triggers.

More Related Videos

Synthesis and Exfoliation of Discotic Zirconium Phosphates to Obtain Colloidal Liquid Crystals
08:54

Synthesis and Exfoliation of Discotic Zirconium Phosphates to Obtain Colloidal Liquid Crystals

Published on: May 25, 2016

8.0K
Synthesis and Reaction Chemistry of Nanosize Monosodium Titanate
08:44

Synthesis and Reaction Chemistry of Nanosize Monosodium Titanate

Published on: February 23, 2016

8.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 22, 2026

The Effect of Interfacial Chemical Bonding in TiO2-SiO2 Composites on Their Photocatalytic NOx Abatement Performance
11:47

The Effect of Interfacial Chemical Bonding in TiO2-SiO2 Composites on Their Photocatalytic NOx Abatement Performance

Published on: July 4, 2017

14.8K
Synthesis and Exfoliation of Discotic Zirconium Phosphates to Obtain Colloidal Liquid Crystals
08:54

Synthesis and Exfoliation of Discotic Zirconium Phosphates to Obtain Colloidal Liquid Crystals

Published on: May 25, 2016

8.0K
Synthesis and Reaction Chemistry of Nanosize Monosodium Titanate
08:44

Synthesis and Reaction Chemistry of Nanosize Monosodium Titanate

Published on: February 23, 2016

8.6K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Titania (TiO2) nanoparticles exhibit various crystalline structures (polymorphs) like anatase and rutile.
  • Previous research suggested a size-dependent polymorphic transition from anatase to rutile.
  • The crystallization mechanisms in solution require direct observation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly monitor the crystallization of titania polymorphs in solution.
  • To investigate the independence of nucleation and growth processes for different titania polymorphs.
  • To elucidate the role of intermediate phases and chemical environment in titania crystallization.

Main Methods:

  • In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy.
  • In situ X-ray diffraction studies.
  • Solution-based synthesis of titania nanoparticles.

Main Results:

  • Nucleation and growth of anatase and rutile titania polymorphs are independent processes in solution.
  • Rutile nanoparticles (5.9 nm) formed before anatase nanoparticles (8.4 nm).
  • The formation of an intermediate non-crystalline phase and time-dependent chemical environment changes influence crystallization.

Conclusions:

  • The commonly accepted polymorphic-crossover triggered by nanoparticle size is not the sole mechanism in solution.
  • Titania polymorph crystallization is governed by independent nucleation and growth dynamics.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for controlling titania nanoparticle properties.