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Related Concept Videos

Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

1.9K
A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

1.6K
A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions01:28

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

1.9K
An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...
1.9K
Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

2.8K
Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
2.8K
Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

1.9K
The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
1.9K
Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:24

Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

1.4K
The contact of metal and semiconductor can lead to the formation of a junction with either Schottky or Ohmic behavior.
Schottky Barriers
Schottky barriers arise when a metal with a work function (Φm) contacts a semiconductor with a different work function (Φs). Initially, electrons transfer until the Fermi levels of the metal and semiconductor align at equilibrium. For instance, if Φm > Φs, the semiconductor Fermi level is higher than the metal's before contact. The...
1.4K

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The interface between superconductivity and magnetism: understanding and device prospects.

M G Blamire1, J W A Robinson

  • 1Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, UK.

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|October 17, 2014
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Ferromagnetism and superconductivity compete, but theory and experiments show they can couple at interfaces. This review covers experimental findings and future applications of these magnetic and superconducting phenomena.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Phenomena

Background:

  • Ferromagnetism and superconductivity are typically competing electronic ordering phenomena.
  • Theoretical models predict coupling and competition between these states at interfaces.
  • Experimental realization of these interface phenomena has been achieved over the past two decades.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the experimental status of ferromagnetism-superconductivity interfaces.
  • To discuss potential future developments and applications stemming from these coupled phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing theoretical predictions.
  • Synthesis and analysis of experimental results from various research groups.
  • Discussion of phenomena occurring at very short length scales.

Main Results:

  • Experimental evidence confirms the theoretical predictions of coupled magnetic and superconducting phenomena at interfaces.
  • These phenomena, despite existing on short length scales, have been successfully observed and studied.
  • A growing body of work demonstrates the feasibility of manipulating these competing states.

Conclusions:

  • Interfaces between ferromagnetic and superconducting materials offer a unique platform for exploring competing quantum phenomena.
  • Experimental advancements have validated key theoretical predictions.
  • Further research holds promise for novel applications in areas such as spintronics and quantum computing.