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Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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Atlas-based diffusion tensor imaging correlates of executive function.

Milap A Nowrangi1, Ozioma Okonkwo2, Constantine Lyketsos1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Journal of Alzheimer'S Disease : JAD
|October 17, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment impair executive function. Diffusion tensor imaging reveals white matter integrity in these conditions is linked to executive function, particularly in the frontal and parietal lobes.

Keywords:
Alzheimer's diseasediffusion tensor imaging executive functionmild cognitive impairment

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Executive function (EF) deficits are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
  • Atlas-based diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) offers a method to investigate the relationship between brain structure and cognitive function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the association between regional white matter integrity, measured by DTI, and executive function in individuals with MCI and AD.
  • To compare these associations across different cognitive groups (normal controls, MCI, AD).

Main Methods:

  • Sixty-six participants (25 controls, 22 MCI, 19 AD) underwent DTI scans.
  • Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) were calculated for frontal, parietal, and cerebellar regions using an atlas-based approach.
  • ANOVA and linear regression were used to analyze group differences and associations between DTI metrics and EF scores.

Main Results:

  • White matter integrity (FA and MD) in frontal and parietal regions was significantly associated with EF in MCI and AD.
  • FA showed a stronger association with EF than MD.
  • These relationships were most pronounced in the MCI group.

Conclusions:

  • Regional white matter integrity is compromised in MCI and AD, impacting executive function.
  • FA is a more sensitive DTI marker than MD for reflecting EF deficits in these conditions.
  • DTI-based white matter analysis is valuable for understanding cognitive impairment in neurodegenerative diseases.