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Related Concept Videos

Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and...
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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Lattice Centering and Coordination Number02:33

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

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The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...
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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Unit Cells01:18

Unit Cells

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A crystal's internal structure is an orderly array of atoms, ions, or molecules, and the details of this array significantly influence the solid's properties. In a crystal, periodically repeating 'structural motifs' - which could be atoms, molecules, or groups thereof - create a 'space lattice.' This is essentially a three-dimensional, infinite array of points, each surrounded by its neighbors in an identical way, forming the basic structure of the crystal.A 'unit cell' is a theoretical...
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Optimized Fabrication Procedure for High-Quality Graphene-based Moir&#233; Superlattice Devices
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Graphene: a partially ordered non-periodic solid.

Dongshan Wei1, Feng Wang2

  • 1Key Laboratory of Multi-Scale Manufacturing Technology, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|October 17, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Graphene maintains structural integrity and partial order up to 4000 K, exhibiting negative thermal expansion and retaining orientational order despite losing long-range translational order.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Computational Physics
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Graphene's unique structural properties are crucial for its applications.
  • Understanding graphene's behavior at high temperatures is essential for material design.
  • Accurate simulation potentials are needed to model large graphene systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural characteristics of graphene at extreme temperatures (50–4000 K).
  • To validate the PPBE-G potential for simulating large graphene systems.
  • To determine critical exponents and correlation functions for graphene's thermal properties.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular dynamics simulations using the PPBE-G potential.
  • Modeling large simulation boxes with over 600,000 carbon atoms.
  • Analysis of thermal-expansion coefficient, radial distribution functions, and correlation functions.

Main Results:

  • Graphene exhibits a negative thermal-expansion coefficient up to 4000 K.
  • The critical exponent for scaling properties was confirmed as 0.85, remaining constant at high temperatures.
  • Graphene loses long-range translational order but retains long-range orientational order.

Conclusions:

  • Graphene remains in a deeply cooled regime even near its melting point.
  • The Mermin-Wagner instability predicts the loss of long-range crystalline order.
  • Graphene is a partially ordered material, not strictly periodic, at high temperatures.