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Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
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Recent developments in chimeric NSAIDs as safer anti-inflammatory agents.

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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) pose gastrointestinal risks. Newer strategies aim to develop safer NSAIDs by exploring novel approaches to minimize these debilitating side effects, offering hope for improved therapeutics.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Drug Development

Background:

  • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely prescribed but cause significant gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity.
  • Selective COX-2 inhibitors were developed to reduce GI side effects, but long-term use revealed serious adverse events.
  • Existing NSAID therapies present ongoing challenges due to their inherent GI risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review novel approaches and strategies for developing safer NSAIDs.
  • To explore recent advancements in gastrosparing NSAID design over the last two decades.
  • To identify current trends in the development of NSAID-based therapeutics with reduced GI toxicity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications and research over the past 20 years.
  • Analysis of novel strategies and methodologies employed in NSAID development.
  • Synthesis of information on current research trends in gastrosparing drug design.

Main Results:

  • Identification of several promising novel approaches for developing gastrosparing NSAIDs.
  • Evaluation of the effectiveness and limitations of various strategies explored.
  • Highlighting the shift towards more targeted and safer NSAID development.

Conclusions:

  • Novel approaches show promise in mitigating NSAID-induced GI toxicity.
  • Continued research is essential for the successful development of safer NSAID alternatives.
  • The field is actively pursuing innovative solutions to address the challenges of NSAID gastrointestinal safety.