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Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Young Patients of Coronary Artery Disease: Differences over a Decade
Amitesh Aggarwal1, Sourabh Aggarwal1, Vishal Sharma1
1Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India.
Insights
Coronary artery disease (CAD) in young Indian patients has seen a rise in risk factors like hypertension, dysglycemia, and metabolic syndrome over a decade. This trend highlights the need for early intervention and awareness in younger populations.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Limited data exists on temporal trends of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) in young Indian patients.
- This study addresses the gap by evaluating changes in risk factors among young CAD patients over a decade.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess temporal differences in risk factors for young patients diagnosed with CAD.
- To analyze trends in hypertension, dysglycemia, metabolic syndrome, and lipid profiles in young CAD patients.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective, single-center study was conducted in North India.
- Case records of young patients (≤40 years) with acute coronary syndrome from 2000-2001 and 2009-2010 were analyzed.
- Risk factors including smoking, family history, waist size, blood pressure, blood sugar, and lipid profiles were evaluated.
Main Results:
- The study included 79 patients from 2000-2001 and 83 from 2009-2010.
- A significant increase was observed in the proportion of female patients, hypertension (p=0.004), dysglycemia (p<0.001), family history (p=0.01), metabolic syndrome (p<0.001), and mean waist size (p=0.03).
- Among males, dysglycemia (p=0.0002), family history (p<0.0001), and mean waist size (p=0.032) significantly increased.
Conclusions:
- Over a decade, young CAD patients exhibited a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome, dysglycemia, and low High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL).
- These findings underscore a concerning shift in the risk factor profile of young individuals experiencing CAD.
Introduction:
Studies evaluating temporal trends of Coronary artery disease (CAD) in young patients, from the India, are still lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate temporal differences in risk factors of young patients of CAD over a decade.
Methods:
This is a single centre retrospective study performed in a tertiary care teaching institution in North India. Case records of young patients (≤40 years) with acute coronary syndrome between January 2000 to December 2001 and January 2009 to December 2010 were obtained. Records were sought for active smoking, family history, waist size, blood pressure, hypertension, fasting and postprandial blood sugar and lipid profile for both groups and analyzed using SPSS v.17. For the purpose of the study, p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results:
Medical records of a total of 79 and 83 patients with young CAD (≤40 years) were obtained for 2000-01 and 2009-10 period respectively. An increase in proportion of female patients, hypertension (p=0.004), dysglycemia (p<0.001), family history (p=0.01), metabolic syndrome (p<0.001), low high density lipoprotein (HDL) (p=0.07) and mean waist size (0.03) was noted over the years. Among males, increase in number of dysglycemics (p=0.0002), positive family history (p<0.0001) and mean waist size (0.032) was statistically significant.
Conclusion:
Over a decade the patients with young CAD in our study, there was an increase in proportion of patients with metabolic syndrome, dysglycemia and low HDL.
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