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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
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Computed Tomography01:10

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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
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X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

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X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
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X-ray Crystallography02:18

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
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Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
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Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy

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Phase-Contrast Microscopes
In-phase-contrast microscopes, interference between light directly passing through a cell and light refracted by cellular components is used to create high-contrast, high-resolution images without staining. It is the oldest and simplest type of microscope that creates an image by altering the wavelengths of light rays passing through the specimen. Altered wavelength paths are created using an annular stop in the condenser. The annular stop produces a hollow cone of...
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Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
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Complementary coded apertures for 4-dimensional x-ray coherent scatter imaging.

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    This study introduces a new X-ray scatter imaging system using coded apertures for faster, 3D material characterization. The system enables real-time volumetric imaging and material identification with improved efficiency.

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Imaging Physics
    • Applied Physics

    Background:

    • X-ray scattering is crucial for non-destructive materials characterization, offering material-specific signatures.
    • Current energy-dispersive coherent scatter imaging methods, like tomography, are limited by slow acquisition times due to single scatter angle measurements per voxel.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a volumetric X-ray scatter imaging system utilizing complementary coded apertures.
    • To enhance photon collection efficiency for real-time volumetric imaging and material identification.
    • To enable 4D imaging by decoupling ambiguity through a source-side coded aperture.

    Main Methods:

    • A novel system employing a pair of complementary coded apertures: one on the detector side for multiplexed measurements and another on the source side for selective object illumination.
    • Utilizing an energy-sensitive detector array for data acquisition.
    • Implementing tomographic reconstruction to achieve 3D imaging.

    Main Results:

    • The system successfully performs tomographic imaging and material identification.
    • Achieved a spatial resolution of approximately 1 cm.
    • Obtained a normalized momentum transfer resolution (Δq/q) of 0.2.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed volumetric X-ray scatter imaging system with complementary coded apertures significantly improves efficiency and speed.
    • The system provides 1D coherent scattering form factor information at each 3D voxel.
    • This advancement holds promise for real-time, high-resolution materials analysis and identification.