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Related Concept Videos

Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging01:19

Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging

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DefinitionRenal angiography, also known as renal arteriography, is an imaging technique used to obtain a comprehensive view of blood flow and the vascular structure of blood vessels in the kidneys and surrounding areas.PurposeRenal angiography detects blood vessel abnormalities in the kidneys, such as aneurysms, stenosis, thrombosis, vascular tumors, and renal artery stenosis. It evaluates kidney function and guides interventional treatments like angioplasty or stent placement.Pre-Procedure...
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Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

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Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System IV: CMRI01:21

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Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, or CMRI, is a non-invasive diagnostic test that employs a magnetic field and radiofrequency waves to create precise images of the heart and arteries. It provides comprehensive information about cardiac anatomy, function, perfusion, and tissue characterization without ionizing radiation.IndicationsCMRI diagnoses various heart conditions, including tissue damage from heart attacks, ischemic heart disease, myocarditis, aortic issues (tears, aneurysms,...
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Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

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An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System V: CT01:28

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Cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning is an advanced cardiac imaging technique that utilizes CT technology, with or without intravenous (IV) contrast, to produce accurate cross-sectional virtual slices of specific areas of the heart, coronary circulation, and major blood vessels such as the aorta, pulmonary veins, and arteries. The computer processes these slices to generate three-dimensional images. Multidetector CT (MDCT) is a rapid form of CT scanning that captures multiple slices...
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Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Author Spotlight: Integrated Photoacoustic, Ultrasound, and Angiographic Tomography (PAUSAT) for NonInvasive Whole-Brain Imaging of Ischemic Stroke
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Author Spotlight: Integrated Photoacoustic, Ultrasound, and Angiographic Tomography (PAUSAT) for NonInvasive Whole-Brain Imaging of Ischemic Stroke

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Imaging of acute ischemic stroke.

Marwan El-Koussy1, Gerhard Schroth, Caspar Brekenfeld

  • 1Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

European Neurology
|October 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Rapid stroke imaging is crucial for identifying large vessel occlusion and guiding treatment to save brain cells. Standardized imaging protocols improve clinical decisions and research for acute ischemic stroke patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Ischemic stroke, often caused by large vessel occlusion, leads to severe neurological deficits and poor prognosis without timely intervention.
  • Stroke imaging plays a vital role in assessing brain tissue damage and directing treatment strategies.
  • Over 80% of strokes are ischemic, with 25-35% involving large vessel occlusion, highlighting the need for effective diagnostic tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review imaging techniques for diagnosing and treating acute ischemic stroke, particularly in the anterior circulation.
  • To emphasize the importance of rapid and efficient imaging in acute stroke management.
  • To discuss the role of imaging in defining infarct core and penumbra for treatment decisions.

Main Methods:

  • Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used to exclude intracranial hemorrhage and stroke mimics.
  • Infarct core volume and location are assessed using established criteria (e.g., >70 ml, >1/3 MCA territory, ASPECTS ≤ 7).
  • Penumbra imaging utilizes the mismatch concept, recognizing its dynamic nature and dependence on collateral circulation.

Main Results:

  • Imaging findings like infarct core size and thrombus length predict clinical outcomes and recanalization success.
  • A thrombus length greater than 8 mm is associated with poor recanalization after intravenous thrombolysis.
  • Specific infarct core metrics (volume, territory involvement, ASPECTS score) indicate a poor clinical outcome.

Conclusions:

  • Effective and standardized imaging protocols are essential for clinical decision-making in acute stroke.
  • Standardized imaging is crucial for the design and execution of prospective studies in acute stroke research.
  • Fast and efficient imaging is critical, as "time is brain" with an estimated loss of 1.8 million neurons per minute without treatment.