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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:20

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses two major chronic disorders—ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease—each characterized by relapsing episodes of gastrointestinal inflammation. Although they share certain clinical features, their patterns of involvement and manifestations differ in ways that aid diagnosis and guide management.Ulcerative ColitisUlcerative colitis is limited to the colon and rectum and involves continuous inflammation of the mucosal layer. The...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal...
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Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...
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Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
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Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
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A cause to consider for chronic unresolving diarrhea.

Talal Hilal1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA talal.hilal@uky.edu.

Gastroenterology Report
|October 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary

This case highlights neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) in patients with chronic diarrhea. Early diagnosis of functional NETs, like carcinoid syndrome, enables treatments that can extend survival.

Keywords:
carcinoid syndromechronic diarrheahepatomegalyneuroendocrine tumor

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common diagnosis for chronic diarrhea.
  • Functional neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) can present with non-specific gastrointestinal symptoms.

Observation:

  • A 36-year-old male with IBS presented with chronic watery diarrhea and hepatomegaly.
  • Abdominal CT revealed hepatomegaly with metastatic lesions.
  • Colonoscopy identified a polypoid lesion in the terminal ileum.

Findings:

  • Biopsy confirmed a neuroendocrine tumor (NET) in the terminal ileum.
  • The patient exhibited symptoms suggestive of carcinoid syndrome.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering functional NETs in patients with refractory diarrhea.
  • Early diagnosis of NETs, particularly carcinoid syndrome, is crucial for initiating timely treatment and improving patient survival outcomes.