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Kinetics of digoxin stability in aqueous solution.

L A Sternson, R D Shaffer

    Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
    |March 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Digoxin hydrolysis in the stomach depends on pH, affecting how the drug is absorbed. Changes in gastric pH can alter the amount of digoxin available for the body to use.

    Area of Science:

    • Pharmacokinetics
    • Drug Metabolism
    • Analytical Chemistry

    Background:

    • Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside used to treat heart failure and arrhythmias.
    • Its oral bioavailability can be influenced by gastrointestinal conditions.
    • Understanding digoxin's degradation pathways is crucial for optimizing its therapeutic efficacy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the hydrolysis of digoxin as a function of pH.
    • To elucidate the sequential deglycosylation steps of digoxin.
    • To correlate gastric pH variations with digoxin bioavailability.

    Main Methods:

    • High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to monitor digoxin and its hydrolysis products.
    • Kinetic analysis was performed to determine hydrolysis rate constants.

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  • Simplex fitting procedures were employed for data analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • Digoxin hydrolysis proceeds via sequential loss of one, two, or three sugars, forming digoxigenin.
    • The hydrolysis rate is directly proportional to digoxin concentration and hydrogen ion activity (pH).
    • Individual hydrolysis rate constants for digoxin and its intermediates were determined.

    Conclusions:

    • Gastric pH significantly influences the extent of digoxin hydrolysis.
    • Variations in gastric pH can lead to altered digoxin species composition in the gastrointestinal tract.
    • This pH-dependent hydrolysis may contribute to inter-individual variability in oral digoxin bioavailability.