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Related Concept Videos

Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

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A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
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Assessing Body Temperature - Tympanic membrane01:14

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Assessing tympanic membrane temperature involves using a tympanic membrane thermometer (TMT). Here is a step-by-step guide:
Step 1: Begin by practicing good hand hygiene to prevent the transmission of microorganisms.
Step 2: Turn on the thermometer and wait until the ready sign appears on the screen to ensure accurate measurement.
Step 3: Slide the probe cover in place to prevent cross-contamination.
Step 4: Instruct the patient to tilt their head to the side for comfort and check for cerumen...
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Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

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Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
Step 3: Assess the patient's...
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Echo01:06

Echo

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The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case,...
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Distance Corrections01:15

Distance Corrections

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To achieve precise distance measurements, especially in surveying and construction, certain corrections must be applied to account for potential sources of error like the standardization errors, temperature variations, and slope adjustments.Standardization error emerges when measurement equipment undergoes changes, such as wear, repairs, or weather impacts. To address this, surveyors compare the equipment’s readings to a standard. This process identifies any deviation that might lead to...
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Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla01:14

Assessing Body Temperature - Axilla

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Procedural Guide for Assessing Axillary Body Temperature using a Digital Thermometer:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and put on clean gloves to maintain infection control and prevent cross-contamination.
Step 2: Prepare the patient by explaining the procedure to ensure understanding and cooperation. Ensure privacy, expose the axilla, and inform the patient that minimal movement is crucial for an accurate reading.
Step 3: Adjust the patient’s clothing to expose only the axilla. It minimizes...
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Extracting changes in air temperature using acoustic coda phase delays.

Omar Marcillo1, Stephen Arrowsmith1, Rod Whitaker1

  • 1Geophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 omarcillo@lanl.gov, arrows@lanl.gov, rww@lanl.gov, emorton@lanl.gov, wsp@lanl.gov.

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High-explosive detonations generate unique blast wave coda features, independent of charge configuration. These features reveal temperature-induced sound speed changes, validated by weather tower data.

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Area of Science:

  • Acoustics
  • Explosion Seismology
  • Atmospheric Physics

Background:

  • Blast waves from explosions exhibit complex waveforms at short distances.
  • Coda-like features in blast wave recordings suggest wave scattering or reflection from the surrounding environment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze charge-configuration independent features in blast wave recordings.
  • To model coda-like features as acoustic reflections/scattering.
  • To investigate the relationship between blast wave coda phase delays and air temperature variations.

Main Methods:

  • Recording waveforms from 60 high-explosive detonations at short ranges.
  • Analyzing coda-like features in blast wave recordings.
  • Using explosion pairs to extract relative coda phase delays.
  • Modeling phase delays to infer sound speed changes.
  • Validating findings with nearby weather tower measurements.

Main Results:

  • Blast wave waveforms consistently displayed coda-like features lasting several seconds, irrespective of charge configuration.
  • Relative coda phase delays were successfully extracted from explosion pairs.
  • These delays correlated with sound speed variations attributed to air temperature changes.

Conclusions:

  • Acoustic reflectors/scatterers surrounding explosions generate observed coda-like blast wave features.
  • Blast wave coda analysis provides a method for inferring atmospheric temperature variations.
  • The study validates the use of explosion-generated acoustic signals for environmental monitoring.