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Related Concept Videos

Communication

Communication

Communication between two animals occurs when one animal transmits an information signal that causes a change in the animal that receives the information. Organisms communicate with one another in a host of different ways. Signals can be auditory, chemical, visual, tactile, or a combination of these. Communication is a critical behavioral adaptation that promotes survival, growth, and reproduction.

Communication

Communication

Sharing information, concepts, and emotions to foster mutual understanding is communication. The sender, recipient, and transaction must be considered in this manner. The sender is the person who shares the message, the recipient is the person who receives and understands the message, and the transaction is the method used to deliver the message and the variables that affect the communication's context and surroundings. The nurse-client connection is built on therapeutic communication.

Hearing

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.

Convergent Evolution

Convergent Evolution

Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.

What is Behavior?

What is Behavior?

Behaviors are actions that an organism engages in—they can be related to finding food, reproducing, defending against threats, and many other possible actions. Behaviors include activities related to the environment around the animal—such as migration—as well as social interactions within a species or population. Many behaviors involve motor output—that is, muscle movements—while others involve less visible actions, such as learning.

Predator-Prey Interactions

Predator-Prey Interactions

Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Author Spotlight: Investigating Vocal Information Representation in Small Primates and Its Alteration by Psychiatric Disorders Using Noninvasive EEG

Author Spotlight: Investigating Vocal Information Representation in Small Primates and Its Alteration by Psychiatric Disorders Using Noninvasive EEG

Published on: July 26, 2024

Function of loud calls in wild bonobos.

Frances White¹, Michel Waller², Klaree Boose²

¹Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA,fwhite@uoregon.edu.

Journal of Anthropological Sciences = Rivista Di Antropologia : JASS

|October 18, 2014

Summary

Bonobo loud calls facilitate inter-party communication, aiding in resource discovery and social bonding. These vocalizations differ from chimpanzees

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Area of Science:

Primate communication
Evolutionary anthropology
Behavioral ecology

Background:

Human language evolution is hypothesized to stem from primate social contexts.
Chimpanzees and bonobos, our closest relatives, exhibit distinct social structures influencing vocalizations.
Bonobo loud call functions remain understudied compared to chimpanzees, whose calls aid male alliances and aggression.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the use and function of loud calls in wild bonobos (Pan paniscus).
To compare bonobo loud call behavior with that of chimpanzees, considering their differing social systems.
To assess the role of bonobo loud calls in social communication and coordination.

Main Methods:

Long-term data collection (1983-2009) on wild bonobo vocalizations at the Lomako Forest site.
Recording frequencies, contexts, and locations of loud calls made by both males and females.
Analyzing call rates, response patterns, and spatial distribution in relation to social behavior (e.g., party fusion/fission, foraging).

Main Results:

Both male and female bonobos use loud calls for inter-party communication, particularly during party fusion and at food patches.
Loud calling rates were higher during party fusion than fission and common at evening nesting sites.
Males called more at the periphery of the community range, while females called more centrally; female calls elicited more responses.

Conclusions:

Bonobo loud calls function in coordinating group movements, especially towards valuable food resources.
Females use calls to attract allies, and males use them to attract mates, supporting the social origins of language.
Bonobo loud calls are crucial for female communication and social coordination, differing significantly from the male-centric cooperative aggression seen in chimpanzees.