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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

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Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration...
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Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
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The formation of dilute urine is a critical renal adaptation that maintains fluid balance, particularly during periods of high fluid intake. This process primarily involves the juxtamedullary nephrons. By adjusting the permeability of water and ions in response to physiological conditions, the kidneys can either conserve or excrete water, resulting in concentrated or dilute urine.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Author Spotlight: Generation of Patient-Derived Podocytes from Skin Biopsies
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Author Spotlight: Generation of Patient-Derived Podocytes from Skin Biopsies

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Podocyte dedifferentiation: a specialized process for a specialized cell.

Carl James May1, Moin Saleem1, Gavin Iain Welsh1

  • 1Academic Renal Unit, University of Bristol , Bristol , UK.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|October 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The term epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) may inaccurately describe podocyte changes in nephrotic syndrome. Researchers propose "podocyte disease transformation" as a more fitting term for these specialized kidney cells.

Keywords:
dedifferentiationepithelial–mesenchymal transitionnephrotic syndromepodocytesproteinuria

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cell Biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Podocytes are specialized cells forming the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) crucial for kidney function.
  • Nephrotic syndrome involves podocyte damage, leading to GFB dysfunction and proteinuria.
  • Current literature often describes podocyte changes in disease as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the accuracy of the term epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in describing podocyte pathobiology.
  • To propose a more appropriate terminology for the cellular changes observed in diseased podocytes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on podocyte morphology and function in nephrotic syndrome.
  • Comparative analysis of podocyte characteristics against established definitions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Main Results:

  • Podocytes exhibit unique structural and functional features distinct from typical epithelial cells.
  • Podocyte characteristics align more closely with mesenchymal cell traits than with standard epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) criteria.
  • The term EMT may not fully capture the complex cellular alterations occurring in podocyte disease.

Conclusions:

  • The term epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a suboptimal descriptor for podocyte changes in disease.
  • "Podocyte disease transformation" is proposed as a more accurate and specific term for these cellular alterations.
  • Refined terminology will improve understanding and research into podocyte-related kidney diseases.