Hyperhomocysteinemia and neurologic disorders: a review

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Neuroscience
• Medical Science

Background:

• Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing amino acid crucial for DNA metabolism through methylation.
• Physiologic Hcy levels depend on diet and vitamin status (folate, B6, B12).
• Elevated Hcy (eHcy) can result from vitamin deficiencies or genetic factors like MTHFR C667T polymorphism.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current literature on the potential roles of elevated homocysteine in neurologic disorders.
• To explore the association between eHcy and conditions such as cardiovascular disorders, cognitive impairment, and neurodegenerative diseases.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive review of existing laboratory and clinical studies.
• Analysis of research investigating the toxic effects of Hcy and eHcy on vascular and nervous systems.

Main Results:

• eHcy is observed in various neurological conditions including dementia, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and epilepsy.
• Evidence indicates that Hcy, particularly at elevated levels, exerts direct toxic effects on the nervous system.
• Genetic factors and vitamin deficiencies are significant contributors to elevated homocysteine levels.

Conclusions:

• Elevated homocysteine is implicated in the pathophysiology of several neurologic disorders.
• Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms by which eHcy contributes to neurological damage.
• Understanding the role of Hcy in neurologic diseases may lead to novel therapeutic strategies.