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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 22, 2026

Clinical Imaging of Microwave Mammography
05:28

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Published on: November 14, 2025

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Design of Small-sized and Low-cost Front End to Medical Microwave Radiometer.

O Klemetsen1, Y Birkelund1, P F Maccarini2

  • 1University of Tromso, Norway.

Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium : [Proceedings]. Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium
|October 18, 2014
PubMed
Summary

We developed an inexpensive, sensitive Dicke radiometer using readily available microwave components for breast cancer detection. A design with a low-noise amplifier before the Dicke switch demonstrated 36% higher sensitivity.

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Area of Science:

  • Microwave Engineering
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Radiometry

Background:

  • Dicke radiometers are crucial for sensitive microwave measurements.
  • Existing radiometers can be bulky and expensive.
  • There is a need for compact, cost-effective radiometers for medical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility of constructing an inexpensive, small-sized, and highly sensitive Dicke radiometer.
  • To explore the potential of a 3-4 GHz frequency band for breast cancer detection.
  • To compare the performance of two novel Dicke radiometer designs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized readily available, small microwave components (< 5mm × 5 mm).
  • Designed and simulated two Dicke radiometer prototypes: conventional and with a front-end low-noise amplifier.
  • Tested prototype sensitivity and stability through calibration in controlled temperature environments.

Main Results:

  • Achieved approximately 50 dB gain and 500 MHz bandwidth in both designs.
  • Identified one design with stability μ > 1 and another with instability μ < 1.
  • The design incorporating a low-noise amplifier before the Dicke switch exhibited 36% greater sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • An inexpensive, sensitive Dicke radiometer suitable for breast cancer detection is feasible.
  • The placement of a low-noise amplifier significantly enhances radiometer sensitivity.
  • This compact design offers a promising advancement for microwave-based medical diagnostics.