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Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to...
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The Sulfs: expression, purification, and substrate specificity.

Kenji Uchimura1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan, arumihcu@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|October 19, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sulf-1 and Sulf-2 are extracellular sulfatases that remove sulfate groups from heparan sulfate chains, modulating growth factor signaling. These enzymes are crucial in development and cancer, and methods for their study are presented.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Glycobiology

Background:

  • Sulf-1 and Sulf-2 are extracellular sulfatases that modify heparan sulfate (HS) chains.
  • They cleave specific sulfate groups, influencing the binding of protein ligands like growth factors and morphogens to HS.
  • Dysregulation of Sulf enzymes is implicated in developmental processes and various cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe methods for the expression and purification of recombinant Sulf-1 and Sulf-2 enzymes.
  • To detail techniques for analyzing HS structures in cells engineered to express Sulf enzymes.
  • To demonstrate the application of Sulf enzymes in ex vivo degradation of HS epitopes relevant to disease models.

Main Methods:

  • Expression and purification of recombinant Sulf-1 and Sulf-2.
  • Analysis of heparan sulfate structure in HSulf-transfected HEK293 cells.
  • Ex vivo enzymatic degradation of anti-HS epitopes in a neurodegenerative disease mouse model.

Main Results:

  • Successful expression and purification of functional recombinant Sulf enzymes.
  • Characterization of HS structural changes induced by Sulf activity in transfected cells.
  • Demonstration of ex vivo HS epitope degradation using Sulf enzymes.

Conclusions:

  • Established methods enable the production and investigation of Sulf enzymes and their HS substrates.
  • These enzymes hold potential for therapeutic applications, such as in neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Further research into Sulf enzyme function can elucidate their roles in development and disease.