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Mediterranean diet and non-fatal acute myocardial infarction: a case-control study from Italy
Federica Turati1, Claudio Pelucchi1, Carlotta Galeone1
11Department of Epidemiology,IRCCS - Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche 'Mario Negri',Via La Masa 19,20156 Milan,Italy.
Objective:
To add epidemiological data on the association of adherence to the Mediterranean diet with non-fatal acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a Southern European population.
Design:
Hospital-based case-control study. Conformity to the traditional Mediterranean diet was assessed through a score (i.e. the Mediterranean diet score, MDS) based on nine dietary components (high consumption of vegetables, legumes, fruit and nuts, cereals, and fish and seafood; high ratio of monounsaturated to saturated lipids; low consumption of dairy and meat; and moderate alcohol consumption). The score ranged between 0 (lowest adherence) and 9 (highest adherence). The association of the MDS, or its components, with the risk of AMI was evaluated through multiple logistic regression models, controlling for potential confounding variables.
Setting:
The study was conducted in the greater Milan area (Italy) between 1995 and 2003.
Subjects:
Seven hundred and sixty patients with a first episode of non-fatal AMI and 682 controls.
Results:
High consumption of vegetables and legumes were inversely associated with non-fatal AMI risk. As compared with MDS<4, the OR of non-fatal AMI were 0.85 (95 % CI 0.65, 1.12) for MDS of 4-5 and 0.55 (95 % CI 0.40, 0.75) for MDS ≥ 6, with a trend in risk (P<0.01). Results were consistent in strata of selected risk factors and an apparently stronger association emerged for individuals with a lower BMI.
Conclusions:
The Mediterranean diet is inversely associated with the risk of non-fatal AMI in this Southern European population.
