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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

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In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
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Whole Body Regeneration01:33

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Regeneration is the process of restoring injured or lost tissues, organs, or body parts. While simpler organisms generally show greater ability to regenerate their whole body, few complex animals show similarly exceptional regeneration. For example, planarian flatworms have a unique regenerative potential making them a popular study organism among biologists to understand the mechanisms of whole body regeneration. Other organisms, such as hydra, also show extreme regeneration potential;...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

A Mouse Model of Orthopedic Surgery to Study Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction and Tissue Regeneration
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Aging and brain rejuvenation as systemic events.

Jill Bouchard1, Saul A Villeda

  • 1Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; The Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, California, USA.

Journal of Neurochemistry
|October 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Aging

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Systemic Biology

Background:

  • Aging traditionally viewed as immutable, causing loss of plasticity and cognitive function in the central nervous system (CNS).
  • Emerging evidence suggests systemic factors can counteract age-related CNS decline.
  • The brain's plasticity and cognitive functions diminish with age.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the process of aging and rejuvenation as systemic phenomena.
  • To highlight the potential of systemic manipulations to reverse CNS aging effects.
  • To explore how systemic interventions can rejuvenate the aged brain.

Main Methods:

  • Review of genetic studies on organismal lifespan malleability.
  • Analysis of systemic manipulations: exercise, caloric restriction, heterochronic parabiosis, and young plasma administration.
Keywords:
agingcognitionheterochronic parabiosisregenerationrejuvenation

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  • Examination of evidence for brain rejuvenation through these interventions.

    • Main Results:

    • Systemic manipulations can partially reverse age-related loss of plasticity in the aged brain.
    • Rejuvenating effects are partly mediated by blood-borne 'pro-youthful' factors.
    • These strategies promote younger blood composition, rejuvenating the aged brain.

    Conclusions:

    • Systemic manipulations promoting younger blood composition are effective strategies for brain rejuvenation.
    • Reactivating latent CNS plasticity can restore regenerative, synaptic, and cognitive functions.
    • These interventions hold potential for extending lifespan and improving late-life brain function.