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Activities and Programs That Improve Children's Executive Functions.

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Executive functions (EFs), crucial for success and health, can be improved through various activities. Computer training, martial arts, and specific school programs show the most promise for enhancing these cognitive skills.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Educational Psychology

Background:

  • Executive functions (EFs) are essential for academic, professional, and health outcomes.
  • EFs encompass skills like reasoning, working memory, and self-control.
  • Improving EFs in children is a significant goal for development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing research on interventions that improve children's executive functions.
  • To identify effective strategies and key principles for EF training.
  • To highlight areas requiring further investigation in EF research.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of studies on EF interventions in children.
  • Analysis of evidence strength for various activities, including computer training, martial arts, school curricula, aerobics, yoga, and mindfulness.
  • Examination of factors influencing EF improvement, such as progressive challenge and practice.

Main Results:

  • Computer-based training, traditional martial arts, and specific school curricula demonstrate the strongest evidence for improving EFs.
  • Activities incorporating emotional, social, and character development alongside EF training are more effective than narrow interventions.
  • Children with initially lower EFs show greater benefits from training, suggesting a potential for 'catch-up'.

Conclusions:

  • EFs are improvable, with significant implications for child development and well-being.
  • Effective EF interventions require progressive challenges, consistent practice, and often a holistic approach.
  • Further research is needed to determine the long-term effects and individual differences in response to EF training.