Sheep cervical spine biomechanics: a finite element study

Area of Science:

• Biomechanical Engineering
• Computational Biology
• Spine Research

Background:

• Sheep models are crucial for translating scientific concepts to clinical applications in spine biomechanics.
• Limited computational models exist for the sheep cervical spine, hindering in-depth biomechanical analysis.
• This study addresses the need for a validated computational model of the sheep cervical spine.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and validate a C2-C7 sheep cervical spine finite element (FE) model.
• To analyze the biomechanics of the normal sheep cervical spine using the developed FE model.
• To provide a tool for studying surgical techniques and device placements in the sheep cervical spine.

Main Methods:

• A C2-C7 sheep cervical spine finite element (FE) model was created using medical imaging data.
• Nonlinear material properties were incorporated to simulate the high flexibility and large neutral zone.
• Model validation was performed through comprehensive experimental flexibility testing on ten adult sheep cervical spines (C2-C7).

Main Results:

• The FE model's predicted ranges of motion closely matched experimental data within one standard deviation, except for extension and lateral bending.
• The model slightly over- and under-predicted peak motions in extension and lateral bending, respectively.
• Overall, the model accurately represents the range of motion and flexibility of the sheep cervical spine.

Conclusions:

• This is the first multilevel finite element (FE) model of the sheep cervical spine.
• The validated model provides biomechanical insights not easily obtainable through experimental methods.
• The model serves as a valuable tool for researchers and clinicians investigating surgical techniques and device applications in the sheep cervical spine.