Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Procoagulant Platelet Characterization by Measuring Phosphatidylserine Exposure and Microvesicle Release from Human Purified Platelets
05:49

Procoagulant Platelet Characterization by Measuring Phosphatidylserine Exposure and Microvesicle Release from Human Purified Platelets

Published on: November 29, 2024

1.3K

Macrophage derived platelet activating factor implicated in the resolution phase of gouty inflammation

Darshna Yagnik1

  • 1Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London NW4 4BT, UK.

International Journal of Inflammation
|October 21, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Macrophages play a key role in resolving gout inflammation by secreting platelet-activating factor (PAF). This finding sheds light on how macrophages manage monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Gout Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Gout is an inflammatory arthritis caused by monosodium urate (MSU) crystals.
  • Macrophages are crucial immune cells involved in gout pathogenesis and resolution.
  • The specific mechanisms by which macrophages resolve MSU crystal-induced inflammation are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of platelet-activating factor (PAF) secreted by macrophages in the resolution of gout.
  • To analyze the impact of PAF secretion on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) release during MSU crystal phagocytosis.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro differentiation of human monocytes into macrophages.
  • Stimulation of macrophages and monocytes with MSU crystals.
  • Quantification of PAF secretion using enzyme immunoassays.
  • Assessment of TNFα secretion following PAF modulation (inhibition or antagonism).

Main Results:

  • Differentiated macrophages secreted significant amounts of PAF (1.54 ± 0.10 ng/mL per 10^6 cells) upon MSU crystal stimulation, unlike immature monocytes.
  • Pretreatment of monocytes with recombinant human PAF-acetylhydrolase (rhuPAF-AH) suppressed TNFα secretion.
  • Addition of a PAF antagonist (WEB2086) to differentiated macrophages unmasked TNFα secretion (0.7 ± 0.06 ng/mL per 10^6 cells).

Conclusions:

  • Macrophages secrete PAF during MSU crystal phagocytosis, suggesting a role in gout resolution.
  • PAF signaling appears to suppress TNFα release, contributing to the anti-inflammatory resolution phase of gout.
  • Targeting the PAF pathway may offer novel therapeutic strategies for managing gout inflammation.

More Related Videos

Turbidimetry on Human Washed Platelets: The Effect of the Pannexin1-inhibitor Brilliant Blue FCF on Collagen-induced Aggregation09:13

Turbidimetry on Human Washed Platelets: The Effect of the Pannexin1-inhibitor Brilliant Blue FCF on Collagen-induced Aggregation

Published on: April 6, 2017

11.3K
Comprehensive Analysis of Procoagulant Platelets Exhibiting Features of Necrosis, Apoptosis and Platelet Activation04:37

Comprehensive Analysis of Procoagulant Platelets Exhibiting Features of Necrosis, Apoptosis and Platelet Activation

Published on: May 23, 2025

1.2K

Related Concept Videos

Formation of the Platelet Plug01:22

Formation of the Platelet Plug

The platelet phase, the second stage of hemostasis, commences around 15-20 seconds after an injury. It follows and overlaps with the vascular phase, during which blood vessels constrict to minimize blood loss.
As the injured blood vessel contracts, endothelial cells undergo contraction, revealing collagen fibers in the basement membrane and underlying connective tissue. Furthermore, the plasma membrane of endothelial cells becomes adhesive, preparing the site for platelet adhesion. Platelets...
6.0K
Acute Inflammation I: Cellular Phase01:26

Acute Inflammation I: Cellular Phase

The cellular phase of acute inflammation is a tightly orchestrated sequence of events that recruits leukocytes, primarily neutrophils, to sites of tissue injury or infection. Following the initial vascular changes, this phase ensures effective immune cell migration, activation, and function at the affected site to eliminate pathogens and initiate tissue repair.Leukocyte Recruitment CascadeLeukocyte recruitment happens in four steps: margination, adhesion, transmigration, and chemotaxis. Reduced...
8
Structure and Function of Platelets01:18

Structure and Function of Platelets

The cell fragments known as platelets are disc-shaped, with an average diameter of about 3 μm and a thickness of roughly 1 μm. They play a crucial role in the body's vascular clotting system, which also involves plasma proteins, blood cells, and blood vessel tissues.
Platelets are continually replenished, circulating in the bloodstream for 9-12 days before being removed by phagocytes, primarily in the spleen. A microliter of circulating blood contains between 150,000 and 450,000...
6.6K
Clot Retraction and Fibrinolysis01:16

Clot Retraction and Fibrinolysis

After a fibrin clot is formed, the next step is clot retraction, a vital process facilitated by platelet contractile proteins, such as actin and myosin. These proteins pull the fibrin strands closer together and condense the clot. This action reduces the size of the clot, creating a smaller, denser structure that effectively seals off the damaged vessel. Clot retraction consolidates the clot and helps with wound healing by bringing the edges of the damaged blood vessel closer together.
5.9K
Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

Overview
45.9K
Acute Inflammation II: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation II: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
13