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The association of age of toilet training and dysfunctional voiding

Steve J Hodges1, Kyle A Richards1, Ilya Gorbachinsky1

  • 1Department of Urology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.

Research and Reports in Urology
|October 21, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Early or late toilet training in children is linked to voiding dysfunction. This may stem from delayed bowel and bladder emptying, especially when constipation is present with late training.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Urology
  • Child Development
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Toilet training is a critical developmental milestone.
  • Dysfunctional voiding (DV) affects a significant number of children.
  • The relationship between toilet training timing and DV requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between the age of toilet training initiation and the development of dysfunctional voiding in children.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative study design was employed.
  • Patients with voiding dysfunction were compared to age-matched controls without urinary complaints.
  • Key factors analyzed included age at toilet training, training methods, and presence of encopresis or constipation.

Main Results:

  • Initiating toilet training before 24 months or after 36 months of age was associated with dysfunctional voiding.
  • Late toilet training (after 36 months) showed a correlation with constipation.

Conclusions:

  • Dysfunctional voiding may result from children’s delayed bowel and bladder emptying.
  • Early toilet training can lead to DV in immature children less able to empty timely.
  • Late toilet training, particularly when associated with constipation, also increases DV risk.
Abstract

Keywords:
constipationvoiding dysfunction

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