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Related Experiment Video

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Testing for Metacognitive Responding Using an Odor-based Delayed Match-to-Sample Test in Rats

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Published on: June 18, 2018

The negative testing and negative generation effects are eliminated by delay.

Neil W Mulligan¹, Daniel J Peterson²

¹Department of Psychology.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition

|October 21, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The negative testing effect, where retrieval impairs memory, disappears after a 2-day delay. Both retrieval and generation showed less forgetting over time compared to restudying or reading.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Educational Psychology

Background:

Retrieval practice, or the testing effect, typically enhances memory.
A recent negative testing effect suggests retrieval can sometimes impair subsequent recall.
This phenomenon is linked to the negative generation effect and the item-specific-relational framework.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if the negative testing effect persists over longer retention intervals.
To determine if testing manipulations interact with retention intervals.
To compare the effects of delay on negative testing and negative generation effects.

Main Methods:

Experiment 1: Examined negative testing effect with immediate and 2-day delayed free recall.
Experiment 2: Investigated negative generation effect under similar delay conditions.
Compared forgetting rates between retrieval/generation and restudy/read conditions.

Main Results:

A significant negative testing effect was observed immediately but not after a 2-day delay.
The retrieval condition showed less forgetting than restudying over the 2-day interval.
Generation also produced an immediate negative effect, which diminished at the 2-day delay, with less forgetting than reading.

Conclusions:

The negative testing effect is transient and does not persist over longer delays.
Retrieval and generation effects exhibit similar patterns of forgetting over time.
Findings contribute to understanding the Testing × Retention interaction and similarities between episodic and semantic memory effects.