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Related Concept Videos

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

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Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than...
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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Carbon Skeletons

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Life on Earth is carbon-based, as all macromolecules that make up living organisms contain carbon atoms. All organic compounds have a carbon backbone. Each carbon atom is tetravalent and can bond with four other atoms, making it an extraordinarily flexible component of biological molecules. Because carbon’s valence electrons are stable, it rarely becomes an ion. As the carbon chain increases in length, structural modifications such as ring structures, double bonds, and branching side...
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To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Non-stoichiometric defects refer to a type of defect in the crystal structure of a compound where the ratio of its constituent elements deviates from the ideal stoichiometric ratio. There are two main types of non-stoichiometric defects: metal excess defects and metal deficiency defects.Metal excess defects occur when there is a slight surplus of metal ions than what is required by the stoichiometric ratio of the compound. For example, heating a sodium chloride crystal in sodium vapor results...
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Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding
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Designed three-dimensional freestanding single-crystal carbon architectures.

Ji-Hoon Park1, Dae-Hyun Cho, Youngkwon Moon

  • 1Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea.

ACS Nano
|October 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Researchers created novel 3D freestanding single-crystal carbon architectures using silicon carbide templates. This breakthrough enables scalable fabrication of mechanically stable, single-crystal carbon nanomaterials for advanced devices.

Keywords:
atomic force microscopyfreestanding structuregraphenethree-dimensional architecture

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Single-crystal carbon nanomaterials, including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, have significantly advanced nanotechnology.
  • Existing forms are primarily zero-dimensional, one-dimensional, or two-dimensional.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for fabricating designed three-dimensional (3D) single-crystal carbon architectures.
  • To explore the properties and potential applications of these novel 3D carbon structures.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized silicon carbide (SiC) templates to create 3D freestanding single-crystal carbon structures.
  • Employed a single-step thermal process to transform the 3D SiC structure into a carbon structure.
  • The internal SiC is self-etched, leaving a freestanding carbon architecture.

Main Results:

  • Successfully fabricated 3D freestanding single-crystal carbon structures that replicate the original SiC template's form.
  • The resulting carbon structures exhibit a hexagonal close-packed structure, similar to graphene.
  • Achieved control over structure size (nanoscale to microscale) and scalability to wafer-level arrays.
  • Demonstrated mechanical stability under repeated loading and investigated the structure's electrical conductance response to deformation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method provides a pathway to fabricate designed 3D freestanding single-crystal graphene architectures.
  • This opens new avenues for single-crystal carbon nanomaterials and the development of 3D single-crystal carbon devices.