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The esophagus, a muscular conduit linking the pharynx and stomach, measures roughly 10 inches (25.4 cm) and sits behind the trachea. It remains collapsed when not swallowing. The esophagus follows a predominantly straight path through the thoracic mediastinum and enters the abdominal cavity through a diaphragmatic opening known as the esophageal hiatus.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

Robotic Myotomy and Partial Fundoplication for Achalasia
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Salpingopharyngeus myomucosal flap.

Ramazan Gun1, Kenichi Oyama, Burak Kapucu

  • 1From the *Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH; †Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey; ‡Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH; and §Department of Otolaryngology, Balikesir Military Hospital, Balikesir, Turkey.

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|October 21, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The novel Dicle flap offers a feasible reconstructive solution for skull base defects. This pedicled myomucosal flap effectively repairs dural defects and covers critical arteries in the ventral skull base.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Plastic Surgery
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • Extended endonasal approaches for skull base pathologies necessitate innovative reconstructive techniques.
  • Existing methods may have limitations in addressing specific defect locations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe and evaluate a novel pedicled myomucosal flap for skull base reconstruction.
  • To assess the flap's utility in repairing dural defects and covering the internal carotid artery.

Main Methods:

  • Anatomical description and technical report of a novel flap.
  • Cadaveric model used to harvest and explore the flap's reconstructive potential.
  • The flap is based on the salpingopharyngeus muscle and its vessels.

Main Results:

  • The feasibility of harvesting and transposing the salpingopharyngeus myomucosal flap (Dicle flap) was confirmed.
  • The flap is suitable for reconstructing inferior clival and craniovertebral junction defects.
  • The flap can effectively cover the petrous and paraclival segments of the internal carotid artery.

Conclusions:

  • The Dicle flap presents a viable reconstructive option for specific posterior and inferior ventral skull base defects.
  • It addresses a need for specialized flaps in complex skull base reconstructions.