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Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 21, 2026

The Transition to an Anterior-Based Muscle Sparing Approach Improves Early Postoperative Function but is Associated with a Learning Curve

The Transition to an Anterior-Based Muscle Sparing Approach Improves Early Postoperative Function but is Associated with a Learning Curve

Published on: September 7, 2022

Surface replacement of the hip.

Robert F Spencer¹

¹Orthopaedic Department, Weston General Hospital; Avon Orthopaedic Centre, Southmead Hospital, Bristol - UK.

Hip International : the Journal of Clinical and Experimental Research on Hip Pathology and Therapy

|October 21, 2014

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Hip resurfacing has evolved significantly since the 1930s. Modern metal-on-metal designs show promise for specific patient groups, emphasizing implant design and orientation for better outcomes.

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Area of Science:

Orthopedic surgery
Biomaterials science
Implant design

Background:

Hip joint resurfacing attempts began in the 1930s.
Many early designs failed due to material or fixation issues.
Metal-on-metal hip resurfacing emerged, but adverse reactions to metal debris became a concern.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the historical development and challenges of hip resurfacing.
To identify patient selection criteria for successful metal-on-metal hip resurfacing.
To highlight the importance of implant design and component orientation.

Main Methods:

Historical review of hip resurfacing techniques and materials.
Analysis of failure modes in previous implant designs.
Evaluation of outcomes and indications for modern metal-on-metal hip resurfacing.

Main Results:

Numerous hip resurfacing designs failed over the last century.
Metal-on-metal designs faced challenges due to adverse reactions to debris.
Current indications are narrower, favoring large, young males.

Conclusions:

Implant design and component orientation are critical for hip resurfacing survivorship.
Careful patient selection is essential for successful metal-on-metal hip resurfacing.
Ongoing research is needed to optimize hip resurfacing technology.