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Evaluation of the Impact of Protein Aggregation on Cellular Oxidative Stress in Yeast
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Coping with oxidative stress. The yeast model.

Maria Angeles de la Torre-Ruiz, Nuria Pujol, Venkatraghavan Sundaran1

  • 1Department of Basic Medical Sciences-IRBLleida, University of Lleida, 25198- Spain. madelatorre@cmb.udl.cat.

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Summary

Saccharomyces cerevisiae effectively models human oxidative stress responses. Key pathways like TOR and RAS/PKA, along with the actin cytoskeleton, regulate defense mechanisms and aging, offering insights into lifespan extension.

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a valuable model organism due to its genomic homology with humans and ease of genetic manipulation.
  • Extensive proteomic and genomic data provide a comprehensive understanding of its biological systems.
  • Studying yeast offers insights into fundamental cellular processes relevant to human health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of oxidative stress sensing and signal transduction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  • To explore the roles of key signaling pathways (TOR, RAS/PKA, CWI, SNF1, HOG) in oxidative response and stationary phase entry.
  • To highlight the connection between these pathways, the actin cytoskeleton, and aging processes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of genomic, proteomic, and biochemical analyses.
  • Analysis of signaling pathways involved in oxidative stress response.
  • Examination of the role of the actin cytoskeleton in cellular signaling.
  • Investigation of the relationship between stationary phase, quiescence, and aging.

Main Results:

  • Specific signaling pathways (TOR, RAS/PKA, CWI, SNF1, HOG) are crucial for sensing and transducing oxidative stress.
  • Downregulation of TOR and RAS/PKA, and upregulation of SNF1 and CWI, promote oxidative damage defense and entry into the quiescent state.
  • The actin cytoskeleton acts as both a sensor and target of oxidative stress, interacting with signaling cascades.
  • Stationary phase progression and quiescence in yeast serve as models for studying aging and lifespan determination.

Conclusions:

  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae provides a robust model for understanding oxidative stress responses and their link to aging.
  • Signaling pathways and the actin cytoskeleton are key regulators of cellular defense against oxidative damage and lifespan.
  • Autophagy and mitophagy are critical for oxidative defense and lifespan extension, modulated by these signaling cascades.